# OmegaScript

OmegaScript adds processed text-generation commands to text templates (which will usually be HTML, but can be XML or another textual format). Commands take the form `$command{comma,separated,arguments}` or `$simplecommand`, for example:

    <html>
    <head><title>Sample</title></head>
    <body>

    <p>
    You searched for '$html{$query}'.
    </p>

    </body>
    </html>

Where appropriate, arguments themselves can contain OmegaScript commands. Where an argument is treated as a string, the string is precisely the contents of that argument - there is no string delimiter (such as the double-quote character '"' in C and similar languages). This can make complex OmegaScript slightly difficult to read at times.

When a command takes no arguments, the braces must be omitted (i.e. $msize rather than $msize{} - the latter is a command with a single empty argument). If you want to have the value of $msize immediately followed by a letter, digit, or "_", you can use an empty comment (${}) to prevent the parser treating the following character as part of a command name. E.g. _$msize${}_ rather than _$msize_

It is important to realise that all whitespace is significant in OmegaScript - e.g. if you put whitespace around a "," which separates two command arguments then the whitespace will be part of the respective arguments.

Note that (by design) OmegaScript has no unbounded looping constructs. You can loop over entries in a list, but you can't loop until some arbitrary condition is met. This means that it's not possible to accidentally (or deliberately!) write an OmegaScript template which contains an infinite loop.

# OmegaScript literals

    $$ - literal '$'
    $( - literal '{'
    $) - literal '}'
    $. - literal ','

# OmegaScript commands

In the following descriptions, a LIST is a string of tab-separated values.

${...}
  commented-out code
$addfilter{TERM[,TYPE]}

  add filter term `TERM` as if it had been passed as a `B` CGI parameter (if `TYPE` is not-specified, empty or `B`), or as a negated filter as if passed as an `N` CGI parameter (if `TYPE` is `N`). Invalid types result in an error.

  Support for the second parameter was added in Omega 1.4.12 - in older versions only `$addfilter{TERM}` was supported and added `B`-style filters.

  You must use `$addfilter` before any command which requires the query to have been parsed - see `$setmap` for a list of these commands.

$allterms[{DOCID}]
  list of all terms indexing the document with docid DOCID - if used without a parameter list, them the docid of the current hit is implicitly used.
$base64{DATA}

  encodes DATA using base64.

  Added in Omega 1.4.19.

$cgi{CGI}
  lookup the value of a CGI parameter. If the same parameter has multiple values, `$cgi` will pick one arbitrarily - use `$cgilist` if you want all the values.
$cgilist{CGI}
  return a list of all values of a CGI parameter
$cgiparams
  return a list of all the unique CGI parameter names, sorted in ascending order by raw byte values.
$chr{CODEPOINT}

  return UTF-8 for the given Unicode codepoint, e.g. `$chr{127866}` should display as a beer mug if the font has a suitable glyph.

  Since ASCII is a subset of Unicode, you can also produce control characters, e.g. `$chr{13}` gives a carriage return character.

  To convert a UTF-8 character to a Unicode codepoint, see `$ord`.

  Added in Omega 1.3.4.

$collapsed

  number of other documents collapsed into current hit inside `$hitlist`, which might be used like so:

      $if{$ne{$collapsed,0},at least $collapsed hidden results ($value{$cgi{COLLAPSE}})}

$contains{STRING1,STRING2}

  return position of first occurrence of STRING1 in STRING2, if present. Else return an empty string. Examples:

  `$contains{fish,goldfish}` gives `"4"`

  `$contains{fish,shark}` gives `""`

$csv{STRING[,ALWAYS_ESCAPE]}

  encode STRING for use as a field in a CSV file. By default, escaping is done as described in RFC4180, except that we treat any byte value not otherwise mentioned as being 'TEXTDATA' (so %x00-%x09, %x0B-%x0C, %x0E-%x1F, %x7F-%xFF are also permitted there). Examples:

  `$csv{Safe in CSV!}` gives `Safe in CSV!`

  `$csv{Not "safe"}` gives `"Not ""safe"""`

  `$csv{3$. 2$. 1}` gives `"3, 2, 1"`

  Some CSV consumers don't follow the RFC, in which case you may need to encode additional values. For this reason, `$csv` provides an highly conservative alternative mode in which any double quote characters in the string are doubled, and the result always wrapped in double quotes. To select this mode, pass a second non-empty argument. Examples:

  `$csv{Quote anyway,1}` gives `"Quote anyway"`

  `$csv{Not "safe",1}` gives `"Not ""safe"""`

  Added in Omega 1.3.4.

$date{TIME_T[,FMT]}
  convert a time_t to strftime `FMT` (default: `YYYY-MM-DD`). The conversion is done in timezone UTC.
$dbname
  database name (multiple names are returned separated by "/").
$dbsize
  number of documents in the database (if multiple databases are being searched, this gives the total number).
$def{MACRONAME,VALUE}
  define a macro which can take 0 to 9 arguments. You can call it with `$MACRONAME` (if it take 0 arguments) or `$MACRONAME{ARG1,ARG2,ARG3}` is it takes arguments. In value, arguments are available as `$1`, `$2`, ... `$9`. In the current implementation, macros can override OmegaScript commands, but this shouldn't be relied on. It's recommended to use capitalised names for macros to avoid collision with future OmegaScript commands.
$defaultop
  "and" or "or" (set from CGI variable DEFAULTOP).
$emptydocs[{TERM}]

  returns a list of docids of any documents with document length zero (such documents probably only contain scanned images, rather than machine readable text, or suggest the input filter isn't working well). If TERM is specified, only consider documents matching TERM, otherwise all documents are considered (so Tapplication/pdf reports all PDF files for which no text was found).

  If you're using omindex, note that it skips files with zero size, so these won't get reported here as they aren't present in the database.

$env{VAR}
  lookup variable `VAR` in the environment.
$error
  error message (e.g. if a database wouldn't open, or the query couldn't be parsed, or a Xapian exception has been thrown) or empty if there wasn't an error. You can set the error message yourself by using `$seterror`.
$field{NAME[,DOCID]}

  lookup field `NAME` in document `DOCID`. If `DOCID` is omitted then the field is looked up in the current hit (which only works inside `$hitlist`).

  If multiple instances of field exist the field values are returned as an OmegaScript list (i.e. tab separated), which means you can pass the results to other commands which take a list, such as `$foreach`, e.g.

      $foreach{$field{keywords},<b>$html{$_}</b><br>}

$filesize{SIZE}

  pretty printed filesize (e.g. `1 byte`, `100 bytes`, `2.1K`, `4.0M`, `1.3G`). If `SIZE` is empty or a negative integer, expands to nothing. Omega 1.4.x and earlier instead gave `0 bytes` for empty `SIZE`.

  If `SIZE` is not empty or an integer value, `$error` is set. Omega 1.4.x and earlier instead ignored anything after the initial part of `SIZE` which could be parsed as an integer value.

$filters[{WANTOLDFORMAT}]

  compact serialisation of filter-like settings (currently `B`, `N`, `DATEVALUE`, `START`, `END`, `SPAN`, `START.`SLOT, `END.`SLOT, `SPAN.`SLOT, `COLLAPSE`, `DOCIDORDER`, `SORT`, `SORTREVERSE`, `SORTAFTER`, and `DEFAULTOP`) - set `xFILTERS` to this so that Omega can detect when the filters have changed and display the first page of results.

  If an argument is supplied and non-empty, an older version of the filter encoding is used instead. Omega checks for either format in `xFILTERS` to allow the encoding to be improved over time, while keeping compatibility with the previous release series. This ability to get the older format encoding is only intended for use in Omega's testsuite and probably isn't useful otherwise.

$filterterms{PREFIX}

  list of all terms in the database with prefix `PREFIX`, intended to be used to allow drop-down lists and sets of radio buttons to be dynamically generated, e.g.:

      Hostname:
      <SELECT NAME="B">
      <OPTION VALUE=""
      $if{$map{$cgilist{B},$eq{$substr{$_,0,1},H}},,SELECTED}> Any
      $foreach{$filterterms{H},
      <OPTION VALUE="$html{$_}" $if{$find{$cgilist{B},$_},SELECTED}>
      $html{$substr{$_,1}}
      </OPTION>
      }
      </SELECT>

$find{LIST,STRING}
  returns the number of the first entry in `LIST` which is equal to `STRING` (starting from 0) or the empty string if no entry matches.
$fmt
  name of current format (as set by CGI parameter `FMT`, or the default)
$foreach{LIST,STUFF)

  evaluated argument `STUFF` for each entry in list `LIST`. If `LIST` contains the entries `15`, `13`, `5`, `7`, `1` then:

      "$foreach{LIST,$chr{$add{$_,64}}}" = "OMEGA"

  If you want a list as output instead then see `$map`.

  Added in Omega 1.4.18.

$freq{term}
  frequency of a term
$hash{TEXT,HASH}
  unique ID for `TEXT` string using the hashing algorithm specified by `HASH` which must be a lowercase string. Currently, this command only supports MD5 which yields a 128-bit hash sequence serialised as 32 hexadecimal characters.
$highlight{TEXT,LIST[,OPEN[,CLOSE]]}
  html escape string (<>&, etc) and highlight any terms from `LIST` that appear in `TEXT` by enclosing them in `OPEN` and `CLOSE`. If `OPEN` is specified, but close is omitted, `CLOSE` defaults to the appropriate closing tag for `OPEN` (i.e. with a "/" in front and any parameters removed). If both are omitted, then `OPEN` is set to: `<b style="color:XXXXX;background-color:#YYYYYY">` (where `YYYYYY` cycles through `ffff66` `99ff99` `99ffff` `ff66ff` `ff9999` `990000` `009900` `996600` `006699` `990099` and `XXXXX` is `black` if `YYYYYY` contains an `f`, and otherwise `white`) and `CLOSE` is set to `</b>`.
$hit
  MSet index of current doc (first document in MSet is 0, so if you want to number the hits 1, 2, 3, ... use `$add{$hit,1}`).
$hitlist{STUFF}
  evaluate `STUFF` once for each match in the result list. During each evaluation `$field`, `$id`, `$percentage`, `$score`, `$terms`, `$weight`, etc will report values for the current hit.
$hitsperpage
  hits per page (as set by `HITSPERPAGE`, or the default)
$hostname{URL}
  return the hostname from url `URL`
$html{TEXT}
  html escape string (`<>&"` are escaped to `&lt;`, etc).
$htmlstrip{TEXT}
  html strip tags from string (`<...>`, etc).
$httpheader{NAME,VALUE}

  specify an additional HTTP header to be generated by Omega. For example:

      $httpheader{Cache-Control,max-age=0$.private}

  If `Content-Type` is not specified by the template, it defaults to `text/html`. Headers must be specified before any other output from the OmegaScript template - any `$httpheader{}` commands found later in the template will be silently ignored.

$id
  document id of current document
$json{STRING}

  encode STRING as a JSON string (not including the enclosing quotes), e.g. `$json{The path is "C:\"}` gives `The path is \"C:\\\"`

  Added in Omega 1.3.1.

$jsonarray{LIST[,FORMAT]}

  encodes LIST (a string of tab-separated values) as a JSON array. By default the elements of the array are encoded as JSON strings, but if `FORMAT` is specified it's evaluated for each element in turn with `$_` set to the element value and the result used instead.

  The default `FORMAT` is equivalent to `"$json{$_}"`.

  Examples:

  `$jsonarray{$split{a "b" c:\}}` gives `["a","\"b\"","c:\\"]`

  `$jsonarray{$split{2 3 5 7},$mul{$_,$_}}` gives `[4,9,25,49]`

  Added in Omega 1.3.1, but buggy until 1.3.4.

  Support for the second argument added in Omega 1.4.15.

$jsonbool{COND}

  returns a JSON bool value (i.e. `true` or `false`) for OmegaScript value `COND`.

  This is exactly equivalent to `$if{COND,true,false}` and is provided just to allow more readable JSON-producing templates. This means that `COND` being empty is false and all non-empty values are true (so note that `$jsonbool{0}` gives `true` - if you want a numeric test, you can use `$jsonbool{$ne{VALUE,0}}`

  Added in Omega 1.4.15.

$jsonobject{MAP[,KEYFORMAT[,VALUEFORMAT]]}

  encodes OmegaScript map `MAP` (as set by `$setmap`) as a JSON object.

  `KEYFORMAT` provides a way to modify key values. It's evaluated for each key with `$_` set to the OmegaScript map key. If omitted or empty then the keys are used as-is (so it effectively defaults to `$_`). For example `$jsonobject{foo,$lower{$_}}` forces keys to lower case.

  You probably want to avoid creating duplicate keys (RFC 2119 says they `SHOULD be unique`). Note that the resulting value should be an OmegaScript string - don't pass it though `$json{}` or wrap it in double quotes.

  `VALUEFORMAT` provides a way to specify how to encode values. It's evaluated for each value with `$_` set to the OmegaScript map value and the result should be JSON to use as the JSON object value. If omitted or empty the value is encoded as a JSON string (so effectively the default is `"$json{$_}"`). Note that (unlike `KEYFORMAT`) this does need to include `$json{}` and double quotes, because the value doesn't have to be a JSON string.

  Simple example:

      $jsonobject{foo}

  More complex example which upper-cases the keys and uses JSON integers for the values:

      $jsonobject{foo,$upper{$_},$_}

  Added in Omega 1.4.15. Since 1.4.19 the returned JSON no longer contains newlines, which makes it usable as a single line serialisation format without post-processing.

$jsonobject2{KEYLIST,VALUELIST[,KEYFORMAT[,VALUEFORMAT]]}

  encodes OmegaScript lists `KEYLIST` and `VALUELIST` as a JSON object.

  An error is raised if the number of elements in `KEYS` and `VALUES` is not the same (except that it's OK for `VALUES` to be empty if `KEYS` has a single element, because an OmegaScript list can't represent a list with a single empty entry distinct from a list with no entries).

  `KEYFORMAT` and `VALUEFORMAT` work identically to how they do for `$jsonobject`.

  Simple example:

      $jsonobject2{$split{k1 k2 k3},$split{v1 v2 v3}}

  More complex example which upper-cases the keys and uses JSON integers for the values:

      $jsonobject2{$split{k1 k2 k3},$split{1 2 3},$upper{$_},$_}

  Added in Omega 2.0.0.

$keys{MAP}

  returns a list containing the keys of MAP (as set by `$setmap`). The keys are in sorted order (by raw byte comparison).

  Added in Omega 1.4.15.

$last
  MSet index one beyond the end of the current page (so `$hit` runs from `0` to `$sub{$last,1}`).
$lastpage
  number of last page of hits (may be an underestimate unless `$thispage` == `$lastpage`).
$length{LIST}
  number of entries in `LIST`.
$list{LIST,...}

  pretty print list. If `LIST` contains 1, 2, 3, 4 then:

      "$list{LIST,$. }" = "1, 2, 3, 4"
      "$list{LIST,$. , and }" = "1, 2, 3 and 4"
      "$list{LIST,List ,$. ,.}" = "List 1, 2, 3, 4."
      "$list{LIST,List ,$. , and ,.}" = "List 1, 2, 3 and 4."

  NB `$list` returns an empty string for an empty list (so the last two forms aren't redundant as it may at first appear).

$log{LOGFILE[,ENTRY]}

  append to the log file `LOGFILE`. `LOGFILE` will be resolved as a relative path starting from directory `log_dir` (as specified in `omega.conf`). `LOGFILE` may not contain the substring `..`.

  `ENTRY` is the OmegaScript for the log entry, which is evaluated and a linefeed appended. `ENTRY` defaults to a format similar to the Common Log Format used by webservers. If an error occurs when trying to open the log file then `ENTRY` won't be evaluated.

  If the logfile can't be opened or writing to it fails then `$log` returns an error message (since Omega 2.0.0), otherwise it returns nothing. If you want to ignore logging errors, you can ignore the return value using `$if` with no action like so:

      $if{$log{example.log}}

$lookup{CDBFILE,KEY}

  Return the tag corresponding to key `KEY` in the CDB file `CDBFILE`. If the file doesn't exist, or `KEY` isn't a key in it, then `$lookup` expands to nothing. CDB files are compact disk based hashtables. For more information and public domain software which can create CDB files, please visit: http://www.corpit.ru/mjt/tinycdb.html

  An example of how this might be used is to map top-level domains to country names. Create a CDB file tld_en which maps "fr" to "France", "de" to "Germany", etc and then you can translate a country code to the English country name like so:

      "$or{$lookup{tld_en,$field{tld}},.$field{tld}}"

  If a tld isn't in the CDB (e.g. "com"), this will expand to ".com".

  You can take this further and prepare a set of CDBs mapping tld codes to names in other languages - tld_fr for French, tld_de for German. Then if you have the ISO language code in `$opt{lang}` you can replace `tld_en` with `tld_$or{$opt{lang},en}` and automatically translate into the currently set language, or English if no language is set.

$lower{TEXT}
  return UTF-8 text `TEXT` converted to lower case.
$map{LIST,STUFF)

  map a list into the evaluated argument. If `LIST` contains `1`, `2` then:

      "$map{LIST,x$_=$_;}" = "x1=1;       x2=2;"

  Note that $map{} returns a list (since Omega 0.5.0). If the tabs are a problem, then `$foreach{LIST,STUFF}` does the same thing but just concatenates the results directly rather than adding tabs to make a list.

$match{REGEX,STRING[,OPTIONS]}

  perform a regex match using Perl-compatible regular expressions. Returns true if a match is found, else it returns an empty string.

  The optional OPTIONS argument can contain zero or more of the letters `imsx`, which have the same meanings as the corresponding Perl regexp modifiers:

  - `i` - make the pattern matching case-insensitive
  - `m` - make `^`/`$` match after/before embedded newlines
  - `s` - allows `.` in the pattern to match a linefeed
  - `x` - allow whitespace and `#`-comments in the pattern
$msize
  estimated number of matches.
$msizeexact
  return `true` if `$msize` is exact (or "" if it is estimated). Exactly equivalent to: `$eq{$msizelower,$msizeupper}`
$msizelower
  lower bound on number of matches.
$msizeupper
  upper bound on number of matches.
$nice{number}
  pretty print integer (with thousands separator).
$now
  number of seconds since the epoch (suitable for feeding to `$date`). Whether `$now` returns the same value for repeated calls in the same Omega search session is unspecified.
$opt{OPT}
  lookup an option value (as set by `$set`).
$opt{MAP,OPT}
  lookup an option within a map (as set by `$setmap`).
$ord{STRING}

  return codepoint for first character of UTF-8 string. If the argument is an empty string, then an empty string is returned.

  For example, `$ord{One more time}` gives `79`.

  To convert a Unicode code point into a UTF-8 string, see `$chr`.

  Added in Omega 1.3.4.

$pack{NUMBER}
  converts a number to a 4 byte big-endian binary string
$percentage

  percentage score of current hit (in range 1-100).

  You probably don't want to show these percentage scores to end users in new applications - they're not really a percentage of anything meaningful, and research seems to suggest that users don't find numeric scores in search results useful.

$prettyterm{TERM}
  convert a term to "user form", as it might be entered in a query. If a matching term was entered in the query, just use that (the first occurrence if a term was generated multiple times from a query). Otherwise term prefixes are converted back to user forms as specified by `$setmap{prefix,...}` and `$setmap{boolprefix,...}`.
$prettyurl{URL}
  Prettify URL. This command undoes RFC3986 URL escaping which doesn't affect semantics in practice, in order to make a prettier version of a URL for displaying to the user (rather than in links), but which should still work if copied and pasted.
$query[{PREFIX}]

  list of query strings for prefix PREFIX. Any tab characters in the query strings are converted to spaces before adding them to the list (since an OmegaScript list is a string with tabs in).

  If PREFIX is omitted or empty, this is built from CGI `P` variable(s) plus possible added terms from `ADD` and `X`.

  If PREFIX is non-empty, this is built from CGI `P.PREFIX` variables.

  Note: In Omega < 1.3.3, $query simply joins together the query strings with spaces rather than returning a list.

$querydescription
  a human readable description of the `Xapian::Query` object which omega builds. Mostly useful for debugging omega itself.
$queryterms
  list of parsed query terms.
$range{START,END}
  return list of values between `START` and `END`.
$random{HIGH}
  return a random value in the range [0, `HIGH`].
$record[{ID}]
  raw record contents of document `ID`.
$relevant[{ID}]
  document id `ID` if document is relevant, "" otherwise (side-effect: removes id from list of relevant documents returned by `$relevants`).
$relevants
  return list of relevant documents
$score
  score (0-10) of current hit (equivalent to `$div{$percentage,10}`).
$set{OPT,VALUE}

  set option value which may be looked up using `$opt`. You can use options as variables (for example, to store values you want to reuse without recomputing). There are also several which Omega looks at and which you can set or use:

  - decimal - the decimal separator ("." by default - localised query templates may want to set this to ",").

  - thousand - the thousands separator ("," by default - localised query templates may want to set this to ".", " ", or "").

  - stemmer - which stemming language to use ("english" by default, other values are as understood by `Xapian::Stem`, so "none" means no stemming).

  - stem_strategy - tell the query parser how to apply the stemmer - can be one of:

    - `all`: stem all terms
    - `all_z`: stem all terms and add a Z prefix
    - `none`: don't stem any terms (ignoring any stemmer set)
    - `some`: the default
    - `some_full_pos`: like `some` but assume positional data has been stored for stemmed terms too.

    Unknown values are ignored. Added in Omega 1.4.8.

  - stem_all - if "true", then tell the query parser to stem all words. Now deprecated in favour of setting `stem_strategy` to `all`, and ignored if `stem_strategy` is also set.

  - fieldnames - if set to a non-empty value then the document data is parsed with each line being the value of a field, and the names are taken from entries in the list in fieldnames. So `$set{fieldnames,$split{title sample url}}` will take the first line as the "title" field, the second as the "sample" field and the third as the "url" field. Any lines without a corresponding field name will be ignored. If unset or empty then the document data is parsed as one field per line in the format NAME=VALUE (where NAME is assumed not to contain '=').

  - weighting - set the weighting scheme to use, and (optionally) the parameters to use if the weighting scheme supports them. The syntax is a string consisting of the scheme name followed by any parameters, all separated by whitespace. Any parameters not specified will use their default values.

    E.g. `$set{weighting,bool}` or `$set{weighting,bm25 1 0.8}`

    Valid scheme names are:

    - `bb2` (in Omega >= 1.3.2)
    - `bm25`
    - `bm25+` (in Omega >= 1.4.26)
    - `bool`
    - `coord` (in Omega >= 1.4.1)
    - `dice` (in Omega >= 2.0.0)
    - `dlh` (in Omega >= 1.3.2)
    - `dph` (in Omega >= 1.3.2)
    - `ifb2` (in Omega >= 1.3.2)
    - `ineb2` (in Omega >= 1.3.2)
    - `inl2` (in Omega >= 1.3.2)
    - `lm2stage` (in Omega >= 2.0.0)
    - `lmabsdiscount` (in Omega >= 2.0.0)
    - `lmdirichlet` (in Omega >= 2.0.0)
    - `lmjm` (in Omega >= 2.0.0)
    - `pl2` (in Omega >= 1.3.2)
    - `pl2+` (in Omega >= 1.4.26)
    - `tfidf` (in Omega >= 1.3.1)
    - `trad` (deprecated since Omega 2.0.0)

  - expansion - set the query expansion scheme to use, and (optionally) the parameters to use if the expansion scheme supports them. The syntax is the scheme name followed by any parameters, all separated by whitespace. Any parameters not specified will use their default values. Valid expansion schemes names are `prob`, `bo1` and `trad` (deprecated alias for `prob`).

    E.g. `$set{expansion,trad 2.0}`. If not specified, the default scheme used is equivalent to `$set{expansion,trad 1.0}`.

  - weightingpurefilter - normally a query consisting only of filter terms won't have relevance weights calculated. This option allows you to specify a weighting scheme to use for such queries, with the same values supported as for `weighting` above. For example, `$set{weightingpurefilter,coord}` will weight such queries by how many filter terms match each document.

  Omega 1.2.5 and later also support the following options, which can be set to a non-empty value to enable the corresponding `QueryParser` flag. Omega sets `flag_default` to `true` by default - you can set it to an empty value to turn it off (`$set{flag_default,}`):

  - flag_auto_multiword_synonyms
  - flag_auto_synonyms
  - flag_boolean
  - flag_boolean_any_case
  - flag_cjk_ngram (new in 1.2.22 and 1.3.4)
  - flag_ngrams (new in 1.4.23)
  - flag_default
  - flag_fuzzy (new in 2.0.0)
  - flag_lovehate
  - flag_no_positions (new in 1.4.19)
  - flag_no_proper_noun_heuristic (new in 2.0.0)
  - flag_partial
  - flag_phrase
  - flag_pure_not
  - flag_spelling_correction (see `$suggestion` for suggested correction)
  - flag_synonym
  - flag_wildcard
  - flag_wildcard_glob (new in 2.0.0)
  - flag_wildcard_multi (new in 2.0.0)
  - flag_wildcard_single (new in 2.0.0)
  - flag_word_breaks (new in 2.0.0)

  Note that the `Xapian::QueryParser::FLAG_ACCUMULATE` flag is always enabled by Omega because it's needed for `$stoplist` and `$unstem` to work correctly, and is deliberately not included in the above list.

  Omega 1.2.7 added support for parsing different query fields with different prefixes and you can specify different QueryParser flags for each prefix - for example, for the `XFOO` prefix use `XFOO:flag_pure_not`, etc. The unprefixed constants provide a default value for these. If a flag is set in the default, the prefix specific flag can unset it if it is set to the empty value (e.g. `$set{flag_pure_not,1}$set{XFOO:flag_pure_not,}`).

  You can use `:flag_partial`, etc to set or unset a flag just for unprefixed fields.

  Similarly, `XFOO:stemmer` specifies the stemmer to use for field `XFOO`, with `stemmer` providing a default.

  Omega 2.0.0 added support for specifying the operator to use to combine multiple parsed query strings. By default this is `AND`, but you can specify `OR` instead using `$set{intra_query_op,OR}` (`or` also works). Currently other operators aren't supported.

$seterror{ERROR_MESSAGE}

  set error message for the current execution, which can also be looked up using `$error`.

  Using `$seterror` error early in template prevents running the query.

  For example, `$seterror` can be used when the user enters a wrong parameter in the search.

$setrelevant{docids}
  add documents into the RSet
$setmap{MAP,NAME1,VALUE1,...}

  set a map of option values which may be looked up against using `$opt{MAP,NAME}` (maps with the same name are merged rather than the old map being completely replaced).

  You can create and use of maps in your own templates, but Omega also has several standard maps used to control building the query:

  Omega uses the "prefix" map to set the prefixes understood by the query parser. So if you wish to translate a prefix of "author:" to A and "title:" to "S" you would use:

      $setmap{prefix,author,A,title,S}

  In Omega 1.3.0 and later, you can map a prefix in the query string to more than one term prefix by specifying an OmegaScript list, for example to search unprefixed and S prefix by default use this (this also shows how you can map from an empty query string prefix, and also that you can map to an empty term prefix - these don't require Omega 1.3.0, but become much more useful in combination with this new feature):

      $setmap{prefix,,$split{ S}}

  Similarly, if you want to be able to restrict a search with a boolean filter from the text query (e.g. "group:" to "G") you would use:

      $setmap{boolprefix,group,G}

  Don't be tempted to add whitespace around the commas, unless you want it to be included in the names and values!

  Another map (added in Omega 1.3.4) allows specifying any boolean prefixes which are non-exclusive, i.e. multiple filters of that type should be combined with `OP_AND` rather than `OP_OR`. For example, if you have have a boolean filter on "material" using the `XM` prefix, and the items being searched are made of multiple materials, you likely want multiple material filters to restrict to items matching all the materials (the default it to restrict to any of the materials). To specify this use `$setmap{nonexclusiveprefix,XM,true}` (any non-empty value can be used in place of `true`) - this feature affect both filters from `B` CGI parameters (e.g. `B=XMglass&B=XMwood` and those from parsing the query (e.g. `material:glass material:wood` if `$setmap{boolprefix,material,XM}` is also in effect).

  Note: you must set the prefix-related maps before the query is parsed. This is done as late as possible - the following commands require the query to be parsed: $prettyterm, $query, $querydescription, $queryterms, $relevant, $relevants, $setrelevant, $unstem, and also these commands require the match to be run which requires the query to be parsed: $freqs, $hitlist, $last, $lastpage, $msize, $msizeexact, $terms, $thispage, $time, $topdoc, $topterms.

$slice{LIST,POSITIONS}

  returns the elements from `LIST` at the positions listed in the second list `POSITIONS`. The first item is at position 0. Any positions which are out of range will be ignored.

  For example, if `LIST` contains a, b, c, d then:

      "$slice{LIST,2}" = "c"
      "$slice{LIST,1 3}" = "b        d"
      "$slice{LIST,$range{1,3}}" = "b        c       d"
      "$slice{LIST,$range{-10,10}}" = "a     b       c       d"

$snippet{TEXT[,LENGTH[,FLAGS[,BRA[,KET[,GAP]]]]]}

  Generate a context-sensitive snippet from `TEXT` using the C++ API `Xapian::MSet::snippet()` suitable for inserting into an HTML or XML document.

  The snippet will be at most `LENGTH` bytes long (default: 200 if not specified or `LENGTH` is an empty string). `BRA` and `KET` are added around matching terms in the sample (defaults: `<strong>` and `</strong>`) and `GAP` is used to mark omitted parts of `TEXT` (default: `...`).

  `FLAGS` contains zero or more of the flags that are supported by the C++ API separated by `|` - here they are specified as case-insensitive strings, and the leading `SNIPPET_` is optional.

  For example:

      $snippet{$field{sample},,background_model|empty_without_match,<b>,</b>}

$sort{LIST[,OPTIONS]}

  sort the entries in a list. The sort order is an ascending string sort by byte value by default. `OPTIONS` is zero or more of the following characters which control the sort operation:

  - `#` : "natural number" sort suitable for use when generating drop-down lists. Embedded digit sequences are handled specially: they are compared numerically, and sort before non-digits at the same point. Digit sequences with the same numeric value are sorted such that the sequence with more leading zeros comes first (so when used with `u` only identical entries are removed).
  - `r` : reverse the sort order
  - `u` : output only the first (in input order) of an equal run
  - `n` : sort by string numerical value - the start of each entry is parsed as zero or more whitespace characters, an optional `-`, zero or more digits, optionally followed by `$opt{decimal}` then zero or more digits. Entries are regarded as equal if the numbers are equal and so only the first is kept with `u`. When `u` is not used, the order within groups of equal entries is resolved with a string sort.

  Options `#` and `n` aren't valid together.

$sortableunserialise{STRING}

  Decodes `STRING` with `Xapian::sortable_unserialise()` and returns the resulting floating point value. For example, this provides a way to decode values stored using the scriptindex `valuenumeric` action.

  Added in Xapian 1.4.22.

$split{STRING}

$split{SPLIT,STRING}

  returns a list by splitting the string `STRING` into elements at each occurrence of the substring `SPLIT`. If `SPLIT` isn't specified, it defaults to a single space. If `SPLIT` is empty, `STRING` is split into individual bytes.

  For example:

      "$split{one two three}" = "one two     three"

$srandom{SEED}
  `SEED` specifies a seed for random number generation.
$stoplist
  returns a list of any terms in the query which were ignored as stopwords. Since Omega 1.4.18 `$stoplist` reports such terms for all query strings parsed as part of the current query - in previous versions only this only reported stopwords for the query string which was parsed last (which would be the one with the prefix sorting last in byte sort order, and if there were multiple such query strings then the one specified last).
$subdb[{DOCID}]

  return the name from a `DB` parameter for the sub-database containing `DOCID`.

  If `DOCID` is omitted it defaults to the current document in the hitlist.

  Prior to Xapian 1.4.12 the implementation assumed that each omega database name corresponded to a single Xapian database and if a database name referred to a stub database file expanding to multiple Xapian databases then this command would misbehave. In 1.4.12 and later this case is taken into account.

$subid[{DOCID}]

  return the docid in `$subdb{DOCID}` corresponding to `DOCID` in the combined database.

  If `DOCID` is omitted it defaults to the current document in the hitlist.

  Prior to Xapian 1.4.12 the implementation assumed that each omega database name corresponded to a single Xapian database and if a database name referred to a stub database file expanding to multiple Xapian databases then this command would misbehave. In 1.4.12 and later this case is taken into account.

$substr{STRING,START[,LENGTH]}

  returns the substring of `STRING` which starts at byte position `START` (the start of the string being 0) and is `LENGTH` bytes long (or to the end of `STRING` if `STRING` is less than `START``+``LENGTH` bytes long). If `LENGTH` is omitted, the substring from `START` to the end of `STRING` is returned.

  If `START` is negative, it counts back from the end of `STRING` (so `$substr{hello,-1}` is `o`).

  If LENGTH is negative, it instead specifies the number of bytes to omit from the end of STRING (so "$substr{example,2,-2}" is "amp"). Note that this means that "$substr{STRING,0,N}$substr{STRING,N}" is "STRING" whether N is positive, negative or zero.

$suggestion
  if `$set{flag_spelling_correction,true}` was done before the query was parsed, then `$suggestion` will return any suggested spelling corrected version of the query string. If there are no spelling corrections, it will return an empty string.
$termprefix{TERM}
  return the prefix (if any) from a term. Added in Omega 1.4.6.
$terms[{PREFIX}]
  list of query terms matching the current hit. The ability to specify a prefix was added in Omega 1.3.5. If no prefix is specified (i.e. `$terms`), then only terms from the query string(s) are returned. This is different to an empty prefix (i.e. `$terms{}`) which returns all query terms matching the current hit, so also includes filter terms.
$thispage
  page number of current page.
$time
  how long the match took (in seconds) e.g. `0.078534`. If no timing information was available, returns an empty value.
$topdoc
  first document on current page of hit list (counting from 0)
$topterms[{N}]
  list of up to `N` top relevance feedback terms (default 16)
$transform{REGEXP,SUBST,STRING[,OPTIONS]}

  transform string using Perl-compatible regular expressions. This command is sort of like the Perl code:

      my $string = STRING;
      $string =~ s/REGEXP/SUBST/;
      print $string;

  In SUBST, `\1` to `\9` are substituted by the 1st to 9th bracket grouping (or are empty if there is no such bracket grouping). `\\` is a literal backslash.

  The optional OPTIONS argument is supported by Omega 1.3.4 and later. It can contain zero or more of the letters `gimsx`, which have the same meanings as the corresponding Perl regexp modifiers:

  > - `g` - replace all occurrences of the pattern in the string
  > - `i` - make the pattern matching case-insensitive
  > - `m` - make `^`/`$` match after/before embedded newlines
  > - `s` - allows `.` in the pattern to match a linefeed
  > - `x` - allow whitespace and `#`-comments in the pattern

$truncate{STRING,LEN[,IND[,IND2]]}

  truncate STRING to LEN bytes, but try to break after a word (unless that would mean truncating to much less than LEN). If we have to split a word, then IND is appended (if specified). If we have to truncate (but don't split a word) then IND2 is appended (if specified). For example:

      $truncate{$field{text},500,..., ...}

$uniq{LIST}
  remove adjacent duplicates, for example from an already sorted list (similar to the Unix `uniq` command line tool).
$unique{LIST}
  remove duplicates from a list - unlike `$uniq`, duplicates don't need to be adjacent. The first of each entry is kept, and order is preserved. If the input list is already sorted then `$uniq` is more efficient.
$unpack{BINARYSTRING}

  converts a 4 byte big-endian binary string to a number, for example:

      $date{$unpack{$value{0}}}

$unprefix{TERM}
  remove the prefix (if any) from a term. Added in Omega 1.4.6.
$unstem{TERM}
  maps a stemmed term to a list of the unstemmed forms of it used in the query. Since Omega 1.4.18 `$unstem` reports unstemmed forms in all query strings parsed as part of the current query - in previous versions only this only reported unstemmed forms from the query string which was parsed last (which would be the one with the prefix sorting last in byte sort order, and if there were multiple such query strings then the one specified last).
$upper{TEXT}
  return UTF-8 text `TEXT` converted to upper case.
$url{TEXT}
  url encode argument
$value{SLOT[,DOCID]}
  returns value from slot `SLOT` for document `DOCID`. If `DOCID` is omitted then the current hit is used (which only works inside `$hitlist`).
$valuelowerbound{SLOT}

  returns a lower bound on values in slot `SLOT` (empty values don't count towards this bound). The bound is not necessarily tight - i.e. it may be lower than the lowest value which actually occurs.

  Added in Omega 1.4.22.

$valueupperbound{SLOT}

  returns an upper bound on values in slot `SLOT`. The bound is not necessarily tight - i.e. it may be higher than the highest value which actually occurs.

  Added in Omega 1.4.22.

$version
  omega version string - e.g. "xapian-omega 1.2.6"
$weight
  raw document weight of the current hit, as a floating point value (mostly useful for debugging purposes).

# Numeric Operators:

OmegaScript numeric operators are forgiving in their interpretation of numeric arguments. Any characters after an initial span of ASCII digits are ignored, so `123abc` is interpreted the same as `123` and values with no leading digits are interpreted as zero, including an empty string.

A reason for this behaviour is that it gives more robust handling for numeric values which are specified in CGI parameters - for example, if an Omega URL is quoted in a text document or email, punctuation after it may get included in the URL when it's turned into a link or cut and pasted.

$add{...}
  add arguments together (if called with one argument, this will convert it to an integer and back, which ensures it is an integer).
$div{A,B}
  returns int(A / B) (or the text "divide by 0" if B is zero)
$mod{A,B}
  returns int(A % B) (or the text "divide by 0" if B is zero)
$max{A,...}
  maximum of the arguments
$min{A,...}
  minimum of the arguments
$mul{A,B,...}
  multiply arguments together
$muldiv{A,B,C}
  returns int((A * B) / C) (or the text "divide by 0" if C is zero)
$sub{A,B}
  returns (A - B)

# Logical Operators:

OmegaScript logical operators treat an empty string as a false logical value and any non-empty string as true.

$and{...}
  logical short-cutting "and" of its arguments - evaluates arguments until it finds an empty one (and returns "") or has evaluated them all (returns "true")
$not{A}
  returns "true" for the empty string, "" otherwise.
$or{...}
  logical short-cutting "or" of its arguments - returns first non-empty argument

# Comparison Operators:

These return a value suitable for use in `$if`, `$and`, `$or`, etc.

$eq{A,B}
  returns "true" if A and B are the same string, "" otherwise.
$ge{A,B}
  returns "true" if A is numerically >= B, "" otherwise.
$gt{A,B}
  returns "true" if A is numerically > B, "" otherwise.
$le{A,B}
  returns "true" if A is numerically <= B, "" otherwise.
$lt{A,B}
  returns "true" if A is numerically < B, "" otherwise.
$ne{A,B}
  returns "true" if A and B are not the same string, "" if they are.

# Control:

$cond{COND1,THEN1[,COND2,THEN2]...[,ELSE]}

  evaluates `COND1`, `COND2`, ... in turn until a non-empty value is obtained, and then evaluates and returns the corresponding `THEN`. If all `COND` values expand to empty values, then evaluates and returns `ELSE` (if present, otherwise returns nothing).

  `$cond` provides a neater way of writing a cascading series of `$if` checks. If there's only one condition, `$cond` is equivalent to `$if`.

  Added in Omega 1.4.6.

$if{COND[,THEN[,ELSE]]}

  if `COND` is non-empty, evaluates and returns `THEN`; otherwise evaluates and returns `ELSE`. If `THEN` and/or `ELSE` are omitted then returns nothing. You can use `$if{COND}` to evaluate `COND` but discard the result of that evaluation, which can be useful if `COND` has side-effects.

  The ability to omit `THEN` was added in Omega 1.4.15.

$include{FILE[,FALLBACK]}

  include another OmegaScript file `FILE`. If opening `FILE` fails, then `FALLBACK` is evaluated and returned.

  Support for the `FALLBACK` argument was added in Omega 1.4.18.

$switch{EXPR,CASE1,VALUE1,[CASE2,VALUE2]...[,DEFAULT]}

  first evaluates `EXPR`, and then evaluates `CASE1`, `CASE2`, ... in turn until one of them has the same value as `EXPR` did, and then evaluates and returns the corresponding `VALUE`. If none of the `CASE` values matches, then evaluates and returns `DEFAULT` (if present, otherwise returns nothing).

  Added in Omega 1.4.6.